Table 9. Effects of temperature stress and taurine supplementation on plasma antioxidant enzymes, immune response, and stress hormone of juvenile olive flounder followed by the acute temperature exposure

Temperature (°C)	Diet	GPx (mU/mL)	SOD (µg/mL)	IgM (µg/mL)	LZM (µg/mL)	CORT (ng/mL)
Interactive effect between the temperature stress and diet
19.5	Tau0.13	303 ± 90	2.65 ± 0.93	1.11 ± 0.40	2.17 ± 0.52	4.23 ± 1.05^b
	Tau0.56	156 ± 33	1.60 ± 0.89	1.69 ± 0.53	4.38 ± 0.10	4.32 ± 0.10^b
	Tau0.94	116 ± 3	1.47 ± 0.61	1.89 ± 0.75	4.70 ± 0.12	4.12 ± 0.82^b
	Tau1.50	165 ± 25	0.75 ± 0.08	2.59 ± 0.57	3.51 ± 1.00	3.23 ± 0.65^b
	Tau2.02	139 ± 43	1.22 ± 0.52	1.59 ± 0.42	3.81 ± 0.91	2.95 ± 0.24^b
	Tau2.54	227 ± 14	1.34 ± 0.05	0.63 ± 0.07	2.42 ± 0.58	3.14 ± 1.18^b
	Tau2.87	187 ± 47	1.00 ± 0.12	1.76 ± 0.10	2.68 ± 1.32	5.43 ± 0.69^b
29	Tau0.13	99.0 ± 1.2	6.67 ± 1.84	0.57 ± 0.04	0.94 ± 0.15	46.55 ± 5.82^a
	Tau0.56	141 ± 18	1.77 ± 0.54	1.57 ± 0.80	1.30 ± 0.48	16.80 ± 3.71^ab
	Tau0.94	25.6 ± 6.4	0.23 ± 0.23	1.08 ± 0.51	1.20 ± 0.34	15.4 ± 2.3^b
	Tau1.50	42.2 ± 12.1	1.75 ± 1.06	0.30 ± 0.17	0.23 ± 0.00	24.2 ± 12.5^ab
	Tau2.02	203 ± 24	4.16 ± 1.15	0.83 ± 0.05	1.27 ± 0.46	24.5 ± 4.8^ab
	Tau2.54	152 ± 15	1.99 ± 0.62	0.61 ± 0.07	1.66 ± 0.60	2.04 ± 0.73^b
	Tau2.87	232 ± 89	1.33 ± 1.06	0.44 ± 0.16	1.46 ± 0.53	16.1 ± 3.9^ab
Main effect of temperature stress
19.5		185 ± 28^a	1.43 ± 0.38^b	1.61 ± 0.25^a	3.38 ± 0.45^a	3.92 ± 0.39^b
29		128 ± 29^b	2.56 ± 0.52^a	0.77 ± 0.29^b	1.15 ± 0.22^b	20.8 ± 3.8^a
Main effect of diet
	Tau0.13	201 ± 41	4.66 ± 0.45^a	0.84 ± 0.18	1.56 ± 0.19	25.4 ± 2.4^a
	Tau0.56	148 ± 7	1.67 ± 0.17^b	1.63 ± 0.14	2.84 ± 0.19	10.6 ± 1.8^ab
	Tau0.94	70.9 ± 2.3	1.09 ± 0.61^b	1.49 ± 0.35	2.95 ± 0.01	9.74 ± 2.50^ab
	Tau1.50	103 ± 7	1.25 ± 0.49^b	1.45 ± 0.20	1.87 ± 0.50	13.7 ± 5.9^ab
	Tau2.02	171 ± 1	2.69 ± 0.32^ab	1.21 ± 0.19	2.54 ± 0.22	13.7 ± 2.3^ab
	Tau2.54	189 ± 1	1.67 ± 0.29^b	0.62 ± 0.00	2.04 ± 0.01	2.59 ± 0.23^b
	Tau2.87	210 ± 21	1.50 ± 0.52^b	1.10 ± 0.03	2.07 ± 0.39	10.8 ± 1.6^b
Two-way ANOVA (p-values)
Temperature		0.0344¹⁾	0.0087¹⁾	0.0026¹⁾	< 0.0001¹⁾	< 0.0001¹⁾
Diet		0.0747	0.0157¹⁾	0.3041	0.5829	0.0164¹⁾
Temperature × Diet		0.1242	0.1866	0.2045	0.4442	0.0169¹⁾

Values are significantly different (p < 0.05).
Values are means±sem from triplicate groups (n = 3) where the values in each row with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05).
GPx, glutathione peroxidase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; IgM, immunoglobulin M; LZM, lysozyme; CORT, cortisol.