Table 6. Free amino acid accumulation in the plasma of juvenile olive flounder following the acute temperature stress exposure

Free amino acids	Treatment							Pr > F
Free amino acids	Tau0.13	Tau0.56	Tau0.96	Tau1.50	Tau2.01	Tau2.54	Tau2.87	ANOVA	Linear	Quadratic
Phosposerine	11.3 ± 0.5^b	12.3 ± 0.5^ab	14.1 ± 0.3^ab	14.2 ± 0.7^ab	13.7 ± 0.5^ab	13.6 ± 0.8^ab	14.7 ± 1.0^a	0.0296¹⁾	0.0059¹⁾	0.0678
Taurine	3.37 ± 0.35^b	6.96 ± 0.10^ab	6.60 ± 0.51^ab	6.57 ± 0.55^ab	7.76 ± 1.09^a	7.99 ± 0.85^a	7.34 ± 1.46^a	0.0237¹⁾	0.0060¹⁾	0.1675
Aspartic acid	2.00 ± 0.54	1.82 ± 0.31	2.06 ± 0.30	1.71 ± 0.19	3.01 ± 0.81	3.22 ± 0.27	2.62 ± 0.35	0.1615	0.1932	0.1742
Threonine	6.27 ± 0.33^b	6.52 ± 0.44^ab	8.33 ± 0.82^ab	8.35 ± 0.40^ab	9.16 ± 0.68^a	8.48 ± 0.24^ab	8.83 ± 0.73^ab	0.0138¹⁾	0.0007¹⁾	0.7584
Serine	8.79 ± 0.58	8.87 ± 0.45	10.69 ± 0.85	9.97 ± 0.32	10.6 ± 0.8	10.5 ± 0.1	9.68 ± 0.78	0.2029	0.0319¹⁾	0.5113
Asparagine	10.20 ± 2.56	9.21 ± 1.74	16.1 ± 2.4	16.5 ± 0.9	13.7 ± 2.2	10.2 ± 2.7	13.0 ± 3.1	0.2167	0.0700	0.2682
Glutamic acid	10.8 ± 0.7^bc	10.5 ± 0.05^c	14.3 ± 1.0^a	13.0 ± 0.4^abc	12.8 ± 0.2^abc	13.2 ± 0.3^ab	13.1 ± 0.5^ab	0.0017¹⁾	0.0020¹⁾	0.0284¹⁾
Proline	3.35 ± 0.12	2.80 ± 0.35	3.99 ± 0.44	3.85 ± 0.22	4.60 ± 0.62	3.97 ± 0.38	4.14 ± 0.34	0.0935	0.0111¹⁾	0.3851
Glycine	1.95 ± 0.18^c	2.11 ± 0.06^bc	2.84 ± 0.28^ab	2.80 ± 0.05^ab	3.07 ± 0.20^a	2.83 ± 0.07^ab	2.95 ± 0.20^a	0.0016¹⁾	< 0.0001¹⁾	0.3928
Alanine	8.29 ± 0.73^b	9.25 ± 0.36^ab	11.2 ± 0.9^ab	11.9 ± 0.8^a	9.80 ± 0.38^ab	9.62 ± 0.27^ab	10.5 ± 0.5^ab	0.0175¹⁾	0.0116¹⁾	0.0069¹⁾
Valine	3.23 ± 0.28^ab	2.81 ± 0.09^b	3.44 ± 0.25^ab	3.63 ± 0.17^ab	4.52 ± 0.58^a	4.18 ± 0.33^ab	3.72 ± 0.13^ab	0.0217¹⁾	0.003¹⁾	0.0739
Cystine	2.92 ± 0.35^bc	1.63 ± 0.82^c	3.64 ± 0.27^abc	4.03 ± 0.80^abc	5.96 ± 0.54^a	5.10 ± 0.64^ab	5.10 ± 0.36^ab	0.0018¹⁾	0.0004¹⁾	0.0428¹⁾
Methionine	9.77 ± 0.44^ab	7.23 ± 3.42^b	12.7 ± 1.7^ab	13.5 ± 0.3^ab	15.6 ± 1.4^a	14.6 ± 0.6^ab	14.4 ± 1.0^ab	0.0247¹⁾	0.0032¹⁾	0.4394
Isoleucine	2.91 ± 0.35	5.23 ± 2.22	3.58 ± 0.57	2.88 ± 0.23	2.55 ± 0.21	3.42 ± 0.17	2.79 ± 0.20	0.4362	0.2926	0.212
Leucine	12.9 ± 0.2^ab	10.2 ± 3.9^b	19.0 ± 1.7^ab	18.0 ± 1.0^ab	19.8 ± 1.8^a	17.6 ± 0.9^ab	18.0 ± 0.9^ab	0.0219¹⁾	0.0025¹⁾	0.9275
Tyrosine	9.06 ± 1.14	13.3 ± 2.3	14.0 ± 2.3	13.0 ± 1.0	14.9 ± 1.1	14.7 ± 0.9	13.7 ± 1.5	0.2297	0.037¹⁾	0.3038
Phenylalanine	5.06 ± 0.11	6.42 ± 1.20	8.03 ± 0.62	8.53 ± 1.30	7.93 ± 1.43	8.02 ± 0.79	8.43 ± 0.34	0.1703	0.0206¹⁾	0.1797
β-alanine	0.00 ± 0.00	9.73 ± 9.73	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.4628	0.4168	0.4911
GABA	13.2 ± 0.2	10.0 ± 5.1	16.7 ± 0.6	18.0 ± 1.2	17.2 ± 0.4	17.3 ± 0.7	18.2 ± 1.5	0.1131	0.0288¹⁾	0.9467
Histidine	4.84 ± 0.23	7.13 ± 2.58	5.60 ± 0.65	5.57 ± 0.16	6.15 ± 0.44	6.10 ± 0.27	6.08 ± 0.32	0.8263	0.7517	0.6272
Ornithine	10.8 ± 1.7	7.88 ± 4.24	2.56 ± 2.56	11.5 ± 5.7	18.3 ± 2.6	16.6 ± 6.3	10.2 ± 5.2	0.4628	0.4168	0.4911
Lysine	37.6 ± 1.2a	37.0 ± 4.0	44.1 ± 5.4	44.3 ± 2.9	55.5 ± 5.7	52.7 ± 2.1	51.8 ± 3.8	0.0243¹⁾	0.0037¹⁾	0.2769
Ammonia	8.15 ± 1.68^ab	8.75 ± 1.20^ab	7.87 ± 0.19^ab	6.70 ± 0.06^b	10.7 ± 1.1^ab	13.1 ± 1.6^a	9.34 ± 0.78^ab	0.0226¹⁾	0.3896	0.136
Arginine	31.0 ± 3.7	34.7 ± 1.9	41.2 ± 3.3	45.5 ± 2.1	44.6 ± 4.3	38.0 ± 7.5	45.9 ± 4.4	0.164	0.0139¹⁾	0.4897

Values are significantly different (p < 0.05).
Values are means±sem from triplicate groups (n = 3) where the values in each row with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05).
GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid.