Table 2. Chemical Constituents of Cipangopaludina lecythis shell-opercula extract using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

Compounds	Molecular formula	Retention time (min)	Major ion m/z	Area % compound ± SD1)	Bioactive properties or uses	References
EicosaneCE	C20H42	36.10	261.1; 253.2	2.42 ± 0.27	Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic and antifungal	Ahsan et al. (2017)
HeneicosaneCE	C21H44	39.43	281.1; 267.2	3.34 ± 0.42	Unknown	ND
Pyran-4-carboxylic acid, 4-(4-methoxypenyl)-tetrahydroCE	C13H16O4	44.51	293.1; 282.0	9.05 ± 0.14	Unknown	ND
Sulfurous acid, cyclohexylmethyl octadecyl esterCE	C25H50O3S	48.20	292.2; 283.0	3.03 ± 0.16	Unknown	ND
Eicosane, 2,4-dimethylCE	C22H46	48.27	295.3; 279.3	4.95 ± 0.14	Unknown	ND
2-Thiopheneacetamide, N-(2-ethylhexyl) CE	C14H23NOS	49.41	289.1; 281.1	2.94 ± 0.15	Unknown	ND
Cyclohexane, docosylCE	C28H56	50.39	292.2; 279.3	1.58 ± 0.35	Unknown	ND
1-EicoseneCE	C20H40	50.69	296.3; 281.1	2.03 ± 0.21	Unknown	ND
2-MethylhexacosaneCE	C27H56	50.90	295.3; 281.1	1.42 ± 0.33	Antibacterial and antifungal	Chakraborty et al. (2022)
22-Tricosenoic acidCE	C23H44O2	51.40	291.1; 273.0	4.22 ± 0.25	Unknown	ND
Docosyl octyl etherCE	C30H62O	52.58	292.3; 279.2	1.69 ± 0.22	Unknown	ND
1-Dodecanol, 2-octylCE	C20H42O	54.50	293.2; 278.3	1.33 ± 0.28	Unknown	ND
Hexane, 3,3-dimethylME	C8H18	14.44	127.1; 113.0	1.01 ± 0.12	Unknown	ND
Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,2-dimethylpropyl esterME	C10H20O2	21.36	207.0; 126.0	2.99 ± 0.31	Unknown	ND
Nonane, 5-(1-methylpropyl)ME	C13H28	26.79	253.0; 281.1	3.95 ± 0.17	Unknown	ND
Oxirane, 2-methyl-3-propyl-,cisME	C6H12O	26.96	155.0; 130.1	0.92 ± 0.14	Unknown	ND
Fumaric acid, pent-4-en-2-yl propyl esterME	C12H18O4	27.25	207.0; 191.1	4.56 ± 0.38	Unknown	ND
1,4-Benzenediol,2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-, bis(butyl) etherME	C14H18F4O2	32.71	281.0; 207.1	1.59 ± 0.21	Unknown	ND
Cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethylME	C6H18O3Si3	42.33	281.0; 267.0	3.31 ± 0.40	Antioxidant and antidiabetic	Ibrahim et al. (2022)
OctacosanolME	C28H58O	48.09	292.3; 284.0	1.82 ± 0.36	Anti-fatigue, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor	Zhou et al. (2022)
Eicosane, 2,4-dimethylME	C22H46	48.29	294.4; 282.1	2.54 ± 0.24	Unknown	ND
Dotriacontane, 1-iodo ME	C32H65I	49.39	295.3; 282.1	4.88 ± 0.43	Unknown	ND
Dihydrotachysterol ME	C28H46O	50.86	275.2; 282.0	12.84 ± 0.12	Synthetic analogue of vitamin D, bone mineralization	Cordy (1977)
Nonadecyl heptafluorobutyrateME	C23H39F7O2	52.40	294.3; 279.3	3.89 ± 0.13	Unknown	ND

The total Area % for the compounds presented here does not add up to 100% due to the presence of other unidentified compounds in the extracts.
CE, chrolorofrom extract; ME, methanol extract; ND, not detected.