Table 2. Description of the morphology of Haliotis species inhabiting the waters of the Arabian Peninsula

Characteristics Description
H. arabiensis (our data) H. mariae (our data) H. rugosa multiperforata (from Owen & Pan, 2016a) H. unilateralis (from Owen & Pan, 2016b)
Shell size To ~ 35–40 mm SL To ~ 145 mm SL To 63 mm SL To 60 mm SL
Number of open holes 4–5 5–6 6–9 3–5
Shape & structure of holes Quite large, oval, elevated, widely spaced Small, oval or round, slightly elevated, closely spaced Small, round, slightly elevated, closely spaced Large, round, elevated, widely spaced
Shell shape Oblong, slightly convex, flattened Oval and convex, flattened Oblong, slightly convex More circular, flattened
Dorsal shell sculpture Strong spiral ribbing with finer ribs to the edge Narrow spiral ribbing with finer ribs to the edge Smooth, rarely weak and narrow spiral ribbing Smooth, rarely weak spiral ribbing
Shell apex Apex located 20%–25% from anterior margin of the shell Apex located 10%–20% from anterior margin of the shell Apex located 17%–19% from anterior margin of the shell Apex located 23%–29% from anterior margin of the shell
Shell margin 4–6 strong ribs between columella and row of holes; ventral margin thin and serrated 10–12 narrow ribs between columella and row of holes; ventral margin smooth or slightly serrated 4–5 very weak narrow ribs between columella and row of holes; ventrally smooth One wide rib in the left and 1–3 weaker ribs above and below it between columella and row of holes; ventrally smooth
Columella Narrow Narrow Medium width Wide
Color of shell exterior Greenish tan or brown; medium to dark red, sometimes with scattered whitish or yellowish patches ReddishNDbrown with large whitish markings, occasionally greenish Dark brown with irregular markings of greenishNDwhite From orange, red and brown to yellow or green with scattered grey patches
Ventral shell surface Regular furrows reflected dorsal sculpture; highly iridescence silver and reflections of green, pink, and steel blue Smooth or week furrows; silvery, with red, blue and green reflections ND ND
Color of body Foot sole pale cream; lobed epipodium brown and greenish mottled Depends on the type of food and varies between cream, brown and green ND ND
Epipodium Ventral margin bears numerous thin tentacles with dark transverse stripes, length of tentacles can reach a third of the width of the shell, the cephalic tentacles are yellowish with a longitudinal dark stripe Ventral margin has numerous thicker and shorter tentacles, transverse stripes less noticeable, the cephalic tentacles are light ND ND
SL, shell length; ND, not detected.