Table 2. Heating conditions of heat-induced emulsified surimi gels prepared by various mixing conditions

Heating conditions	Voltages (V)	Voltage gradients (V/cm)	Heating time	Initial temperature (°C)	Target temperatures (°C)
WB heating			30 min	0	90
OH
3°C/min
No fish oil	11.5	4.4	30 min	0	90
Hand mix	12.5	5	30 min	0	90
300 rpm	12.0	4.8	30 min	0	90
900 rpm	11.8	3.2	30 min	0	90
Vig mx	11.5	4.6	30 min	0	90
80°C/min
No fish oil	47.0	18.8	1 min 15 sec	0	90
Hand mix	50.5	20.2	1 min 15 sec	0	90
300 rpm	49.0	19.6	1 min 15 sec	0	90
900 rpm	48.5	19.4	1 min 15 sec	0	90
Vig mx	48.0	18.4	1 min 15 sec	0	90

OH, Ohmic heating; WB, water bath.