Table 4. Non-specific immune parameters of red seabream, Pagrus major, fed experimental diets for 12 weeks
| Lysozyme1) | SOD2) | NBT3) | MPO4) | Anti-protease5) |
AA30 | 12.2b | 57.1b | 1.08c | 1.81 | 25.1 |
AA90 | 15.2b | 63.5ab | 1.14ab | 1.85 | 27.0 |
AA300 | 26.9a | 69.9a | 1.15a | 1.85 | 29.8 |
CP30 | 13.8b | 66.9a | 1.13abc | 2.04 | 30.6 |
CP90 | 15.3b | 70.0a | 1.15a | 2.00 | 31.3 |
CP300 | 24.5ab | 70.7a | 1.09bc | 1.86 | 31.4 |
SEM6) | 8.29 | 6.86 | 0.04 | 0.32 | 6.41 |
Analysis of variance | | | | | |
Ascorbic acid level | 0.015 | 0.038 | 0.101 | 0.821 | 0.916 |
Ascorbic acid source | 0.946 | 0.029 | 0.806 | 0.254 | 0.500 |
Level × source | 0.864 | 0.298 | 0.013 | 0.707 | 0.957 |
AA30, AA90, and AA300 were 30, 90, and 300 mg/kg of ascorbic acid incorporated diet groups and CBP30, CBP90, and CBP300 were citrus by-products incorporated diets replacing ascorbic acid levels in the AA diets.
Values are means from triplicate groups of fish where the values in each column with the different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05).
Lysozyme (μg/mL).
Superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (% Inhibition).
Nitroblue tetrazolium activity (absorbance at 540 nm).
Myeloperoxidase activity (absorbance at 450 nm).
Antiprotease activity (% Inhibition).
Pooled standard error of the mean.
AA, ascorbic acid; CBP, citrus by-product.