Haliotis laevigata (Juvenile) | pH 9.25, 8.45, 7.95, 7.30, 6.72, and 6.08 | 68 d | Oxygen consumption rate | Reduce at 9.25, 6.72, and 6.08 | Harris et al., 1999 |
H. laevigata (Juvenile) | pH 9.01, 8.27, 7.76, 7.46, 7.16, and 6.79 | 68 d | Survival rate | Reduce at 6.79 | |
Food consumption | Reduce at 7.16 | |
Haliotis rubra (Juvenile) | pH 9.01, 8.27, 7.76, 7.46, 7.16, and 6.79 | 68 d | Survival rate | Reduce at 7.76 and 6.79 | |
Food consumption | Reduce at 7.16 | |
Haliotis iris (Juvenile) | 450, 1,000, and 1,600 µatm (pH 8.1, 7.8, 7.6) | 100 d in autum/winter and 100 d in spring/summer | Survival | Reduce in large juvenile in pH 7.6 during autumn/winter experiment | Cunningham et al., 2016 |
Shell length | - Shorter at pH 7.6 in autumn/winter for small juveniles- Shorter at pH 7.8 and 7.6 in spring/summer for small juveniles- Shorter at pH 7.8 and 7.6 on autumn/winter for large juvenile | |
Growth (wet weight) | - Decreased for small juveniles at both seasons- NS on autumn/winter for large juvenile- Decrease on spring/summer for large juvenile | |
Haliotis iris (Juvenile) | 450, 1,000, and 1,600 µatm (pH 8.1, 7.8, 7.6) | 100 d in autum/winter and 100 d in spring/summer | Respiration | NS | Cunningham et al., 2016 |
H. iris (Juvenile) | 400 and 1,000 µatm (pHT 8.00 and 7.66) combine with temperature 13℃ and 15℃ | 4 mon | Survival | NS | Cummings et al., 2019 |
Shell growth | NS |
dry flesh weigh | NS |
Total thickness of the shells | NS |
The prismatic layer | Thinner at low pH |
Nacre layer | Thickened at lowered pH and higher temperature |
Haliotis tuberculata (Adult) | 400 and 1,000 µatm pCO2 (pH 8.0 and 7.7) | 5 mon | Survival rate | NS | Avignon et al., 2020 |
Growth rate | Lower at pH 7.7 |
Haemolymph and muscle weights | NS |
Gonad weight | Decreased weight at lower pH at the end of 4 mon |
Phagocytosis efficiency | NS |
Respiration rate | NS |
Excretion rate | NS |
H. tuberculata (Adult) | 400 and 1,000 µatm pCO2 (pH 8.0 and 7.7). | 5 mon | Calcification related gene expression | NS | Avignon et al., 2020 |
Stress related gene expression | NS |
Shell coloration | Pale at low pH |
Calcification rate | Decrease at low pH |
Shell weight and thickness | NS |
Periostracum thickness | Thinner at low pH |
Shell fracture force | Increase at low pH |
H. tuberculata (Adult) | pH 7.9, 7.7, and 7.4 | 15 d | Survival and growth | NS | Auzoux-Bordenave et al., 2021 |
Haemolymph pHT | Decrease at pH 7.4 |
Total alkalinity (AT) in haemolymph. | Decrease at pH 7.4 |
pCO2 in haemolymph. | Decrease at pH 7.4 in day 10 |
HCO3- hæmolymph | Decrease at pH 7.4 |
Protein content in hæmolymph | NS |
Haliotis diversicolor (Adult) | 560, 880, and 1,600 μatm | 1 year | Shell surface | Pale at low pH and decrease spirorbid density | Guo et al., 2023 |
Haliotis diversicolor (Adult) | 560, 880, and 1,600 μatm | 1 year | Shell growth | Lower in the pCO2 1,600 μatm | Guo et al., 2023 |
Shell thickness | NS |
The ratio of nacre layer thickness to prismatic layer thickness | Higher in the pCO2 1,600 μatm |
Mechanical properties of the shell | Decrease in the pCO2 1,600 μatm |
The number of nano-asperities in the n acre tablet | Decrease in the pCO2 1,600 μatm |
The Na/Ca ratio in the prismatic aragonite layer | Not follow the pattern of increasing with rising pCO2 |
Haliotis discus hannai (Adult) | 560, 880, and 1,600 μatm | 1 year | Shell surface | Periostracum layer pale and decrease spirorbid density at high pCO2 | Guo et al., 2023 |
Shell growth | Decrease only in the pCO2 880 μatm |
Shell thickness | Lower the shell thickness |
The ratio of nacre layer to prismatic layer thickness | NS |
H. discus hannai (Adult) | 560, 880, and 1,600 μatm | 1 year | Mechanical properties of the shell | Decrease in the pCO2 1,600 μatm | Guo et al., 2023 |
The number of nano-asperities in the nacre tablet | NS |
The Na/Ca ratio in the prismatic aragonite layer | NS |
H. discus hannai (Adult) | pH 8.1 and 7.5 combination with 15℃, 20℃, and 25℃ | 5 d | Survival rate | NS | Kim et al., 2023 |
H2O2 and MDA levels in hemolymph | H2O2, MDA levels and SOD, CAT, caspase-3 expression were Increased under low/high temperature and/or low pH |
mRNA expression of SOD enzymes, CAT, and caspase-3 | |
Apoptosis level in the hepatopancreas | Higher under high temperatures and low pH conditions |
Haliotis tuberculata (Adult) | pH 8.01 and 7.7 | 3 mon | Food consumption | NS | Roussel et al., 2024 |