Haliotis tuberculata | 8.2, 7.9, 7.8, and 7.6 | 15 min | Fertilization rate | NS | Byrne et al., 2010 |
Haliotis coccoradiata | 8.2, 7.9, 7.8, and 7.6 | 15 min | Fertilization rate | NS | |
H. coccoradiata | 7.8 and 7.6 | 21 h | Shelled larvae | Decrease under low pH | Byrne et al., 2011 |
Haliotis kamtschatkana | 400, 800, and 1,800 ppm (pH 8.3, 8.07, 7.81) | Total duration 8 d | Number of larvae | Decrease under low pH | Crim et al., 2011 |
Normal shell | |
Shell length | |
Settlement rate | NS |
Haliotis discus hannai | 450, 650, 850, and 1,050 µatm (pH 7.96, 7.83, 7.79, 7.73) | 15 h | Fertilization rate | NS | Kimura et al., 2011 |
Hatching rate | Decrease at 650–1,050 µatm |
75 h | Mortality | NS |
Malformation rate | NS |
Shell length | Decrease at 850–1,050 µatm |
H. discus hannai | 500, 1,100, 1,650, and 2,150 µatm (pH 7.94, 7.68, 7.54, 7.43) | 15 h | Fertilization rate | Decrease at 1,650–2,150 µatm | Kimura et al., 2011 |
Hatching rate | Decrease at 1,650–2,150 µatm |
H. discus hannai | 500, 1,100, 1,650, and 2,150 µatm (pH 7.94, 7.68, 7.54, 7.43) | 75 h | Mortality | NS | Kimura et al., 2011 |
Malformation rate | Increase at 1,100–2,150 µatm |
Shell length | Shorter at 1,650–2,150 µatm |
H. discus hannai | 8.2, 7.9, 7.6, and 7.3 | 15 h | Hatching time | Longer at pH 7.6–7.3 | Li et al., 2013 |
Hatching rate | Decrease at pH 7.3 |
60 h | Malformation rate | Increase at 7.6 and 7.3 |
48 h | Metamorphosis rate | Decrease at pH 7.3 |
Shell length | Shorter at 7.6 and 7.3 |
H. discus hannai | 400, 800, 1,500, 2,000, and 3,000 ppm (8.15, 7.94, 7.71, 7.61, 7.43) | 30 min | Fertilization rate | Decrease at 3,000 ppm | Guo et al., 2015 |
8 h | Hatching rate | Decrease at 1,500, 2,000, 3,000 ppm |
24 and 48 h | Shell length | Shorter at 800 ppm |
Haliotis diversicolor | 400, 800, 1,500, 2,000, and 3,000 ppm (8.15, 7.94, 7.71, 7.61, 7.43) | 30 min | Fertilization rate | Decrease at 2,000–3,000 ppm | |
8 h | Hatching rate | Decrease at 1,500, 2,000, 3,000 ppm |
24 and 48 h | Shell length | Shorter at 800 ppm |
Haliotis asinina | 7.9–58.03, 7.63–7.89, 7.46–7.70, and 7.24–7.52 | 15 d | Settlement rate | Decrease at low pH | Tahil & Dy, 2015 |
H. asinina | 7.95–7.99, 7.76–7.80, 7.58–7.62, and 7.37–7.41 | 6.4 h | Hatching rate | Decrease at pH 7.6 and 7.4 | Tahil & Dy, 2016 |
Normal hatch trocophore |
Haliotis rufescens | 7.1, 7.3, 7.5, 7.7, 7.9 | 600 s | Survival rate | Decrease under low pH | Boch et al., 2017 |
H. asinina | 8.15, 7.85, and 7.65 | 24 h | Shell length | Decrease under low pH | Santander & Sayno, 2018 |
Malformation rate | Increase at low pH |
Haliotis tuberculata | 8.0, 7.7, and 7.6 | Total duration 5 d (sampling at 20, 30, 48, 96 hpf) | Larval viability | Decrease under low pH | Wessel et al., 2018 |
The percentage of shelled larvae | Lower at pH 7.6 |
Shell calcification | Decrease at ph 7.6 |
Haliotis iris | 8.05 and 7.65 | | Settlement rate | NS | Espinel-Velasco et al., 2021 |
Haliotis tuberculata | 8.0 and 7.7 | Total duration 96 h (sampling at 24, 72, 96 hpf) | Hatching rate | NS | Kavousi et al., 2022 |
Swimming rate | NS |
Shell formation | Decrease at low pH for 24 and 72 hpf larvae |
H. tuberculata | 8.0 and 7.7 | Total duration 96 h (sampling at 24, 72, 96 hpf) | Tissue organogenesis | Decrease at low pH for 24 and 72 hpf larvae | Kavousi et al., 2022 |
Shell lenght | Shorter at low pH for 72 hpf larvae |
Shell calcification | Decrease at low pH for 72 hpf larvae |
Larval settlement | NS |
H. tuberculata | 8.0 and 7.7 | | Larval swimming behaviour | NS | Kavousi et al., 2022 |
Haliotis rufescens | 8.0, 7.8, and 7.6 | 48 and 108 h | Veliger maturation | Decrease at pH 7.6 | Gómez-Reyes et al., 2023 |
Short term and long term | Settlement rate | Decrease under low pH for short term experiment |
Haliotis discus hannai | 8.2, 7.9, 7.6, 7.3, and 7.0 | 30 hpf | Hatching rate | NS | Pratiwi et al., 2024 |
Larvae length | Decrease at pH 7.0 |
Malformation rate | Increase at pH 7.0 and 7.3 |