Table 4. Length and life-stage at first capture, mean size, Lmax (this study and FishBase), mean sample length, reported Lm and proportion of sample above Lm for groupers from 12 sites in South Sulawesi (n = 3,398)

No	Species	n	First capture		Lmax		Mean length	First maturity		Reference (Lm)
No	Species	n	TL	Life-stage	This study	FishBase	Mean length	Lm	% > Lm	Reference (Lm)
1	Epinephelus areolatus	688	12.44	Juvenile	42.00	47	26.77	26.5	50.34	(Mangi & Roberts, 2006)
2	Epinephelus bleekeri	72	12.21	Juvenile	61.21	76	37.11	36	50.00	(Froese & Pauly, 2022)
3	Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus	7	16.86	Juvenile	29.17	76	23.04	31.8	0.00	(Mangi & Roberts, 2006)
4	Epinephelus coioides	300	13.98	Juvenile	98.72	120	39.32	41.3	41.55	(Froese & Pauly, 2022)
5	Epinephelus corallicola	55	16.13	No data	46.45	49	27.60	No data		-
6	Epinephelus cyanopodus	2	26.50	No data	60.48	122	43.49	No data		-
7	Epinephelus erythrurus	7	16.84	No data	31.87	45	22.61	No data		-
8	Epinephelus fasciatus	430	8.21	Juvenile	39.15	40	22.12	18.5	82.34	(Mangi & Roberts, 2006)
9	Epinephelus faveatus	229	12.45	Juvenile	24.46	32	19.67	27	0.00	(Mangi & Roberts, 2006)
10	Epinephelus fuscoguttatus	29	15.30	Juvenile	57.64	120	30.75	40.8	9.68	(Pears et al., 2006)
11	Epinephelus heniochus	1	25.87	No data	25.87	35	25.87	24	100.00	(Mous et al., 2019a)
12	Epinephelus longispinis	1	27.12	Juvenile	27.12	55	27.12	38.5	0.00	(Nair, 2018)
13	Epinephelus macrospilos	4	22.81	Juvenile	34.13	51	28.47	< 30	50.00	(Fennessy, 2018)
14	Epinephelus maculatus	107	11.08	Juvenile	45.83	60.5	29.01	30.8	38.14	(Rhodes et al., 2016)
15	Epinephelus malabaricus	26	22.73	Juvenile	65.25	234	38.73	124	0.00	(Mangi & Roberts, 2006)
16	Epinephelus melanostigma	3	23.86	No data	23.98	54.9	23.93	No data		-
17	Epinephelus miliaris	9	19.78	Juvenile	27.76	53	24.54	23	50.00	(Mous et al., 2019b)
18	Epinephelus ongus	667	13.37	Juvenile	42.54	40	25.25	21.1	83.23	(Ernawati et al., 2021)
19	Epinephelus polyphekadion	28	16.66	Juvenile	60.74	90	33.32	36.95	33.33	(Khasanah et al., 2019)
20	Epinephelus quoyanus	558	6.22	Juvenile	36.92	40	24.15	24	51.59	(Sadovy & To, 2018)
21	Epinephelus rivulatus	27	22.47	Juvenile	42.79	45	30.97	19.4	100.00	(Mackie, 2007)
22	Epinephelus sexfasciatus	134	2.84	Juvenile	28.81	40	16.40	15.9	51.52	(Craig, 2018)
23	Epinephelus undulosus	6	22.05	Juvenile	48.82	120	35.38	55	0.00	(Russell, 2018)

Lmax, maximum length; Lm, length at first maturity; TL, total length.