Table 1. Isolation and identification methods for biological substances from frog skin and toad skin

No Methods Species Origin Compounds References
Extraction Measurement
1 HPLC Mass spectrometry FAB/MS with VG ZAB-2HF Litoria genimaculata Australia Naculatin and maculatin 1.1 (Rozek et al., 1998)
2 HPLC Electron ray ionization quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (ESIMS) Bombina variegata Germany Bomesin (Marenah et al., 2004b)
3 HPLC reverse phase (RP-HPLC) Mass spectrometry Hylarana guntheri Asia Brevinin (Conlon et al., 2008a)
4 RP-HPLC Mass spectrometry Xenopus laevis Nigieria Magainin (Zasloff, 1987a)
5 RP-HPLC Mass spectrometry Rana tsushimensis Japan Stejneger (Conlon et al., 2006)
6 RP-HPLC Mass spectrometry Rana areolata American Esculentin-1a (Di Grazia et al., 2015)
7 RP-HPLC Mass spectrometry Leptodactylus syphax Brazil Syphaxin (Spx) (Dourado et al., 2007)
8 Sephadex G-10 and G-50 column chromatography, RP-HPLC Mass spectrometry Bombina orientalis Korea Bombesin (Bbs-LS) (Park et al., 1989)
9 Sephadex G-50 column, HPLC Mass spectrometry Rana nigromaculata Korea Nigrocin (Park et al., 2001)
10 Thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography Mass spectrometry Dendrobatid South America Alkaloid (Daly et al., 1978; Daly et al., 2002)
HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; RP-HPLC, reverse phase HPLC.